Unit 2: The Living Cell Extras  Study Guide

Chapter 3 The Chemistry of Life Review
  1. An atom is the smallest particle of an .
     
     
     
  2. are atoms that have gained ( ) or lost ( ) one or more electrons.
     
     
     
  3. Atoms can fulfill their valence shells by forming .
     
     
     
    • bonds form when of opposite charge are attracted to each other.
       
       
       
    • bonds form when atoms electrons to make a ; each bond involves one of electrons.
       
       
       
    • bonds form between the partially charged ends of molecules.
     
     
     
  4. The bonds between polar water molecules give water unique properties.
     
     
     
  5. The bonds in water sometimes dissociate to form negatively charged ions and positively charged ions.
     
     
     
  6. The concentration of ions in a solution determines a chemical property called .
     
     
     
    • Changes in pH can be minimized by . 
     
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